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Writer's pictureEdward D. Andrews
Nov 89 min read

How Should Christians Approach Philosophy According to the Scriptures?

Understanding the Warning in Colossians 2:8


Colossians 2:8 states, “See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the tradition of men, according to the elementary things of the world and not according to Christ.” This verse, often cited in discussions about whether Christians should engage with philosophy, serves as a caution from the apostle Paul to the believers in Colossae. The context of this warning is essential for grasping its true meaning. Paul’s concern was not philosophy in general but rather the specific types of philosophy that are rooted in human traditions and the fundamental principles of the world, as opposed to being centered on Christ.



Examining Different Translations of Colossians 2:8


To understand this verse fully, it is essential to examine its translation across various versions of the Bible. The Updated American Standard Version (UASV) renders the verse as “See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the tradition of men, according to the elementary things of the world and not according to Christ.” This translation maintains a literal approach, ensuring that the original wording and structure are as closely adhered to as possible. The focus here is on the danger of being taken captive by philosophy that aligns with human traditions and worldly principles.


In contrast, the New International Version (NIV) reads, “See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy.” The NIV’s choice of “hollow and deceptive” adds an interpretive layer that seeks to clarify the type of philosophy Paul warns against. Similarly, the NET Bible translates this passage as, “Be careful not to allow anyone to captivate you through an empty, deceitful philosophy.” These translations emphasize that the issue is not philosophy as a whole but a specific kind that misleads and distracts from Christ.

Literal translation philosophy, which prioritizes translating the words and structures used in the original texts, is preferable for understanding the precise meaning of Scripture. This approach respects the reader’s ability to interpret God’s Word without the translator’s theological biases. While the NIV and NET Bibles attempt to clarify the nature of the philosophy Paul was referring to, they introduce an interpretative angle that, although helpful to some readers, may depart from a word-for-word representation.



The Meaning of “Philosophy” in Colossians 2:8


The term “philosophy” (Greek: φιλοσοφία, philosophia) appears only once in the New Testament, in Colossians 2:8. Its literal meaning is “the love of wisdom.” In the Greco-Roman world, philosophy was a broad term encompassing various schools of thought that addressed questions about life, existence, ethics, and knowledge. However, Paul’s warning in Colossians 2:8 is not against the love of wisdom per se but against a type of wisdom that is devoid of Christ and rooted in human tradition and worldly principles.


The phrase “according to the tradition of men” suggests that Paul was addressing teachings that were human in origin, not divine. This is significant because it shows that Paul was not dismissing wisdom or the pursuit of understanding in general but was specifically cautioning against systems of thought that drew people away from the truth found in Christ.


Paul's concern was likely directed at the proto-Gnostic or syncretistic teachings that were influencing the Colossian church. These teachings combined elements of Jewish mysticism, Hellenistic philosophy, and early Gnostic thought, promoting ideas that undermined the sufficiency of Christ’s work and the complete understanding of God revealed through Him. This is why Paul insists in Colossians 2:9-10, “For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily, and you have been filled in him, who is the head of all rule and authority.”



The Role of Philosophy in Christian Thought


The question arises: Can Christians benefit from learning philosophy? The answer is nuanced. Philosophy, understood as the pursuit of wisdom, can indeed be beneficial if approached with discernment. Proverbs 4:7 declares, “The beginning of wisdom is this: Get wisdom, and whatever you get, get insight.” The pursuit of true wisdom, which aligns with God’s revealed truth, is encouraged in Scripture. Solomon’s writings, such as in Ecclesiastes and Proverbs, are filled with philosophical reflections on life, purpose, and the nature of human existence. These works demonstrate that God values critical thinking and deep contemplation as long as they lead to an understanding of Him and His ways.


Paul himself engaged with philosophical thought when addressing different audiences. In Acts 17:22-31, Paul’s speech at the Areopagus shows that he was familiar with Stoic and Epicurean philosophies. He did not dismiss these schools of thought entirely but used them as a bridge to present the truth of the gospel. By quoting their poets and referencing their beliefs, Paul demonstrated that understanding philosophy could serve as a tool for evangelism, allowing Christians to communicate the truth of the gospel in ways that resonate with diverse audiences.


The distinction that must be made is between philosophies that align with divine wisdom and those that are rooted in human tradition and empty deception. First Corinthians 1:20-25 provides insight into this balance. Paul writes, “Where is the one who is wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the debater of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world?” He contrasts worldly wisdom, which is limited and flawed, with God’s wisdom, which may seem foolish to human understanding but is, in fact, superior and eternal.



Philosophy’s Potential Pitfalls for Christians


Philosophy, when separated from a biblical worldview, poses several risks for Christians. First, it can lead to an overemphasis on human reasoning and skepticism. The Enlightenment period, for instance, emphasized human reason as the ultimate source of truth, leading to a diminished reliance on divine revelation. This human-centered approach can result in a worldview that is devoid of absolute moral and spiritual truths, directly opposing the biblical assertion that true wisdom begins with the fear of Jehovah (Proverbs 1:7).


Another risk is the promotion of moral relativism. Philosophical schools such as existentialism and postmodernism challenge the existence of objective truth and promote the idea that individuals create their own meaning and moral framework. This stands in stark contrast to the biblical teaching that God’s Word is the ultimate source of truth and moral authority. Jesus stated, “Sanctify them in the truth; your word is truth” (John 17:17). For Christians, the Scriptures provide a non-negotiable foundation for moral and spiritual understanding.


Philosophy can also subtly lead believers into syncretism, where elements of biblical truth are mixed with secular or non-biblical ideas. The Colossians faced a similar threat, where teachings that appeared to be wise were actually misleading. Paul warned them in Colossians 2:23, “These have indeed an appearance of wisdom in promoting self-made religion and asceticism and severity to the body, but they are of no value in stopping the indulgence of the flesh.” This serves as a reminder that not everything that appears intellectually compelling aligns with the teachings of Scripture.



The Biblical Perspective on Wisdom and Understanding


Scripture does not call for an outright rejection of human wisdom but encourages believers to test and measure all things against the truth of God’s Word. First Thessalonians 5:21 advises, “But test everything; hold fast what is good.” This principle applies to philosophy as well. Christians are encouraged to develop a discerning mind, capable of evaluating philosophical ideas and retaining those that are consistent with biblical teachings.


The book of Proverbs is replete with exhortations to seek wisdom, but this wisdom is not the same as human philosophical constructs. Proverbs 3:5-6 states, “Trust in Jehovah with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths.” This passage highlights that while human understanding has its place, it must be subordinate to divine revelation. Human reason, unaided by the illumination of Scripture, is prone to error.


Paul’s admonition in Romans 12:2 reinforces this idea: “Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect.” The renewal of the mind, achieved through studying and applying Scripture, enables believers to discern truth from error, even within the realm of philosophical inquiry.



Philosophy as a Tool for Evangelism and Apologetics


While caution is necessary, philosophy can serve as a valuable tool in evangelism and apologetics. The apostle Peter urged believers, “But in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect” (1 Peter 3:15). The word “defense” (Greek: ἀπολογία, apologia) suggests a reasoned argument, indicating that Christians should be able to articulate their beliefs in a manner that engages with the intellectual challenges of their time.


The use of philosophical reasoning can aid in dismantling false ideologies and presenting the gospel clearly. For instance, the cosmological argument for God’s existence, which posits that everything that begins to exist has a cause, aligns with the biblical teaching that “in the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth” (Genesis 1:1). Philosophical approaches such as this one demonstrate that faith and reason are not mutually exclusive but complementary when understood through the lens of Scripture.


Paul’s engagement at the Areopagus (Acts 17) is a testament to the value of understanding and interacting with philosophical thought for the sake of the gospel. Paul did not dismiss the philosophical background of his audience but rather used it as a foundation to introduce the one true God. His approach was not to exalt philosophy but to redirect it toward the truth of Christ. “For as I passed along and observed the objects of your worship, I found also an altar with this inscription: ‘To the unknown god.’ What therefore you worship as unknown, this I proclaim to you” (Acts 17:23).



The Balance of Wisdom and Faith


Christians must balance the pursuit of wisdom with unwavering faith in Jehovah and His Word. James 1:5 provides assurance to those who seek wisdom from God: “If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all without reproach, and it will be given him.” This wisdom is distinct from the purely intellectual pursuits found in human philosophy; it is divine insight that guides a believer’s life in accordance with God’s will.


The apostle Paul’s own background exemplifies this balance. Before his conversion, Paul was steeped in Jewish law and Hellenistic culture, which included exposure to Greek philosophical thought. After his conversion, Paul’s writings reveal an integration of rigorous intellectual engagement with a profound reliance on divine revelation. His ability to speak to both Jews and Gentiles, using arguments that resonated with each group, underscores the value of understanding different schools of thought while remaining anchored in the truth of Scripture.


The final message of Colossians 2:8 is not an indictment against the love of wisdom but a warning against philosophies that prioritize human tradition over Christ. Philosophy, when rooted in human tradition alone, can deceive and lead believers astray. However, philosophy that seeks truth, evaluated under the light of Scripture, can deepen understanding and equip believers to defend and share their faith.


Christians are encouraged to grow in their understanding and knowledge, as long as it leads to godliness and aligns with the teachings of the Bible. Philippians 1:9-10 supports this pursuit: “And it is my prayer that your love may abound more and more, with knowledge and all discernment, so that you may approve what is excellent, and so be pure and blameless for the day of Christ.” True wisdom involves an ever-deepening relationship with God, characterized by the application of His Word to every aspect of life, including intellectual pursuits.



About the Author

EDWARD D. ANDREWS (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. He has authored over 220 books. In addition, Andrews is the Chief Translator of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV).


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