Is Polygamy Biblically Justified? A Study of Genesis 4:19

Introduction

The practice of polygamy, particularly as reflected in Genesis 4:19, has been a point of contention and debate in theological circles. This analysis seeks to examine the biblical perspective on polygamy, focusing on Genesis 4:19, and to address whether it aligns with God’s design for marriage as outlined in Scripture.

Contextual Overview of Genesis 4:19

Genesis 4:19 introduces Lamech, a descendant of Cain, who takes two wives, becoming the first polygamist recorded in the Bible. This verse is crucial as it sets a precedent for polygamy among Old Testament figures. However, it's important to discern whether this practice receives divine approval or merely reflects human deviation from God's ideal for marriage.

The Biblical Mandate for Monogamy

To understand God's intent for marriage, we return to the creation narrative in Genesis 2:21–25. Here, the monogamous union of Adam and Eve is established, indicating God's original design for marriage. This is further supported by New Testament teachings in Matthew 19:4–6 and 1 Corinthians 7:2, which underscore the concept of two becoming one flesh, not multiple partners.

The Old Testament Context of Polygamy

While the Old Testament records instances of polygamy among patriarchs and kings (e.g., Abraham, Jacob, David), it does not explicitly endorse this practice. Instead, these narratives often reveal the strife and complications arising from polygamous relationships, suggesting a deviation from the ideal rather than a model to follow. The absence of a direct prohibition does not equate to approval, especially considering the broader biblical narrative.

Genesis 4:19 in Light of God’s Will

Lamech's polygamy in Genesis 4:19 can be interpreted as a reflection of human pride and rebellion rather than divine sanction. His character, marked by arrogance and vengefulness, aligns with a departure from God's will, as evidenced in his lineage and actions. The passage implicitly communicates a negative view of polygamy, aligning with the broader scriptural context.

The Case of Enoch (Genesis 5:24)

The genealogy of Genesis 5, which includes Enoch, serves as a contrast to the line of Cain. Enoch's unique ascension to heaven without experiencing death signifies a life aligned with God's will, in stark contrast to the rebellious lineage of Cain. This difference further highlights the divergence from God's design seen in polygamous relationships.

Confronting Doctrinal Misinterpretations

Addressing interpretations like those of the Mormons, who cite Genesis 4:19 to justify polygamy, requires a careful examination of the entirety of Scripture. The biblical narrative, especially when considering the New Testament teachings, consistently upholds monogamy as the standard for marriage.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while Genesis 4:19 records the practice of polygamy, it does not endorse it. The biblical evidence, when examined holistically, supports the view that monogamy aligns with God's original and ideal design for marriage. Instances of polygamy in the Bible, including in Genesis 4:19, should be understood as departures from this ideal, reflective of human imperfection rather than divine intention.

About the Author

EDWARD D. ANDREWS (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. He has authored over 220+ books. In addition, Andrews is the Chief Translator of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV).