How Does Secular Humanism Define Itself?
Secular humanism is a worldview that places human beings at the center of existence, with a clear focus on human reason, naturalism, and autonomy. It differs sharply from the theistic view of life presented in the Bible, where God is the central figure, and humanity is seen as part of His creation. The roots of secular humanism can be traced back to various philosophical movements, and it has become more systematized through documents like the Humanist Manifesto I (1933), Humanist Manifesto II (1973), and the Secular Humanist Declaration (1980).
These foundational documents reveal the core of secular humanism’s philosophy, which denies the existence of a personal God, affirms naturalistic evolution, rejects absolute morality, and places the responsibility for human progress solely in the hands of humanity itself. Secular humanists argue that man is the measure of all things and that human life and values can be understood and fulfilled without any reference to the divine.
This worldview stands in stark opposition to the biblical view of God and humanity. From a Christian perspective, this rejection of God’s existence and authority is the essence of human rebellion against the Creator. As Romans 1:21-23 warns: “For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Claiming to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man.”
What Are the Key Beliefs in Humanist Manifesto I?
Humanist Manifesto I (1933) laid out the initial framework for secular humanism. It proposed a worldview where humanity is understood purely within the context of naturalistic evolution and where human life is to be organized around human-centered ethics. The manifesto's key affirmations include:
1. Atheism and Naturalism: Secular humanists deny the existence of a Creator, stating that “the universe is self-existing and not created.” This rejection of a divine Creator runs contrary to the biblical assertion that “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth” (Genesis 1:1). The Bible consistently affirms that God is the source of all existence and that humanity was purposefully created in His image (Genesis 1:27). By denying this, secular humanists base their understanding of the universe on the assumption that it is merely a result of natural processes without any divine intervention.
2. Evolution and Materialism: Humanists believe that man has “emerged as the result of a continuous process” of evolution. This view is founded on naturalism, which rejects any supernatural intervention in the development of life. Humanists claim that humans are merely complex biological organisms with no soul or spiritual nature, a claim directly opposed to the biblical teaching that humanity has both a body and spirit (Ecclesiastes 12:7).
The Bible teaches that humanity is distinct from the animal world in having been made in the image of God (Genesis 1:26). The secular humanist view reduces human dignity to mere biology, whereas Scripture teaches that every person has inherent value because they bear the image of God.
3. Moral Relativism: Humanists assert that “moral values derive their source from human experience” and are not grounded in any external or divine authority. In contrast, the Bible teaches that morality is grounded in God’s unchanging character. Jehovah, as revealed in the Old Testament, is described as just, righteous, and the standard for moral behavior (Deuteronomy 32:4). Moral relativism, the belief that morality can change based on cultural or individual preference, is fundamentally at odds with the biblical concept of absolute moral truth. As Proverbs 14:12 says, “There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way to death.”
Humanist Manifesto I also rejected the idea that human beings possess any kind of spiritual essence or soul, instead embracing a purely materialistic view of the human person. The Bible, on the other hand, teaches that humans are both physical and spiritual beings (Genesis 2:7), and that the soul survives physical death (Matthew 10:28).
4. The Denial of an Afterlife: Another key point in the humanist framework is the rejection of any hope in an afterlife. Instead, humanists advocate for finding meaning solely in the here and now, arguing that “the complete realization of human personality” is the goal of life. The Bible, however, promises eternal life for those who are in Christ (John 3:16) and speaks of judgment after death (Hebrews 9:27). The rejection of the afterlife denies the biblical teaching that life continues after death and that the choices made in this life have eternal significance.
How Does Humanist Manifesto II Build on the First?
In 1973, Humanist Manifesto II was released, reflecting the growing influence of secular humanism in the culture. This updated manifesto reinforced many of the original affirmations of Manifesto I, but it also responded to cultural changes and made the humanist position even clearer.
1. Rejection of the Supernatural: The authors of Humanist Manifesto II continued to deny any evidence for the supernatural and reaffirmed their atheistic stance. They wrote, “no deity will save us; we must save ourselves.” This belief runs counter to the Christian message that salvation is a gift from God through faith in Jesus Christ (Ephesians 2:8-9). The humanist's reliance on human power to solve the world’s problems ignores the reality of sin, which Scripture teaches can only be overcome through the redemptive work of Christ (Romans 3:23-24).
2. Ethical Relativism and Autonomy: In the realm of ethics, Humanist Manifesto II declares that “moral values derive their source from human experience.” Ethics, according to secular humanism, are autonomous and situational, meaning they change based on circumstances and human preferences. This contrasts sharply with the biblical teaching that moral values are absolute and grounded in God’s eternal nature. “The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of wisdom; all those who practice it have a good understanding” (Psalm 111:10).
Furthermore, Manifesto II promotes personal autonomy in areas of sexuality and lifestyle, declaring that people should have the right to “express their sexual proclivities and pursue their life styles as they desire.” The Bible, however, teaches that human desires are often corrupted by sin (Jeremiah 17:9) and that true freedom is found not in indulging the flesh but in submitting to God’s will (Galatians 5:13).
3. The Rejection of the Soul and Immortality: One of the most fundamental rejections in Humanist Manifesto II is the denial of the soul and the immortality of the human person. The manifesto claims, “Science discredits belief in the soul... Neither has science found evidence that life survives death.” This stands in direct opposition to Christian teaching. Jesus said, “Do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather fear him who can destroy both soul and body in hell” (Matthew 10:28). The Bible clearly teaches that human beings possess an immaterial soul that continues to exist after physical death.
4. World Community and Globalism: Another major theme in Humanist Manifesto II is the push for a “world community” that transcends national boundaries. The humanists called for a global society, where individuals and governments work together to solve the world’s problems without resorting to violence or nationalism. While the Christian faith does call for peace and reconciliation among nations, the Bible warns against any attempt to create a utopian world order apart from God’s plan. Revelation 13 speaks of a global political system that will ultimately rebel against God and attempt to establish its own rule, only to be overthrown by Christ’s return.
What Is the Secular Humanist Declaration and How Does It Deepen the Rejection of Theism?
In 1980, a group of humanists, including prominent intellectuals like Isaac Asimov and B.F. Skinner, issued the Secular Humanist Declaration. This declaration built on the previous manifestos but focused even more explicitly on the growing influence of conservative religion in the world, particularly Christianity. The declaration was an open rejection of theism, fundamentalism, and any attempt to mix religion with public life.
1. Free Inquiry and the Opposition to Theism: The Secular Humanist Declaration emphasizes “free inquiry” as the cornerstone of its philosophy. Humanists argue that any attempt by religious institutions to limit free thought or impose a “conception of Truth” is an infringement on human freedom. In their view, religious doctrines are repressive, and secular humanism represents a liberating alternative. However, the Bible teaches that true freedom comes from knowing and accepting the truth of God's Word (John 8:32).
2. Science, Technology, and Evolution: Secular humanists continue to place a strong emphasis on science and technology as the primary means of understanding the universe and solving humanity’s problems. They lament the influence of religious fundamentalism, particularly in the area of creation versus evolution, and insist that “evolution is supported so strongly by the weight of evidence that it is difficult to reject it.” The rejection of creation in favor of evolution is not just a scientific debate; it is a direct challenge to the biblical account of God’s role as Creator (Genesis 1:1). Secular humanism’s reliance on evolution reflects its broader rejection of anything supernatural, including the biblical teaching that God actively upholds the universe (Hebrews 1:3).
How Does Secular Humanism Contrast with the Biblical Worldview?
Secular humanism and biblical Christianity are fundamentally opposed on nearly every point of doctrine and worldview. At its core, secular humanism denies the existence of God, the reality of the soul, and the authority of Scripture. In contrast, the Christian worldview affirms that God is the Creator and Sustainer of the universe, that humanity is created in God’s image, and that the Bible is the authoritative Word of God.
1. The View of God: Secular humanism explicitly rejects belief in God. The Bible, however, teaches that “The fool says in his heart, ‘There is no God’” (Psalm 14:1). God is not only the Creator of all things but is also intimately involved in His creation. He is sovereign over history and is working out His purposes through it (Isaiah 46:9-10).
2. The View of Humanity: Secular humanism sees humans as the highest evolved form of life, subject only to the forces of nature. In contrast, the Bible teaches that humanity was created in the image of God, with a purpose to rule over creation in accordance with God’s will (Genesis 1:26). Human beings are not merely biological organisms but are spiritual beings accountable to their Creator.
3. The View of Morality: Secular humanism embraces moral relativism, where right and wrong are determined by human preferences and societal standards. The Bible, however, teaches that morality is based on God’s unchanging nature. “You shall be holy, for I am holy” (1 Peter 1:16). Moral relativism leads to confusion and chaos, whereas God’s moral law provides a clear standard for living a life that honors Him.
4. The View of the Future: Secular humanists are focused on building a utopian society here on earth, where humanity’s problems can be solved through reason, science, and technology. Christians, however, know that the ultimate hope is not in human progress but in the return of Jesus Christ, who will establish His kingdom and bring about the final restoration of all things (Revelation 21:1-4).
Why Must Christians Oppose Secular Humanism?
As Christians, we are called to stand firm against worldviews that deny God and promote human autonomy apart from Him. Secular humanism is a direct challenge to the authority of Scripture, the lordship of Jesus Christ, and the moral order established by God. The Bible warns us not to be conformed to the pattern of this world but to be transformed by the renewing of our minds (Romans 12:2).
The rise of secular humanism in the modern world presents a significant challenge to Christians who are committed to upholding biblical truth. As Paul warned in Colossians 2:8, “See to it that no one takes you captive by philosophy and empty deceit, according to human tradition, according to the elemental spirits of the world, and not according to Christ.”
Ultimately, the battle between secular humanism and Christianity is a spiritual one. Secular humanism offers a worldview that seeks to dethrone God and place man at the center of the universe. But as Christians, we know that “The earth is Jehovah’s, and the fullness thereof, the world and those who dwell therein” (Psalm 24:1). It is only by returning to God’s truth, as revealed in His Word, that we can find the answers to life’s most pressing questions.
How Should Christians Respond to Secular Humanism in Today’s World?
Introduction to Secular Humanism: An Ancient Philosophy with a Modern Identity
Secular humanism, often seen as a recent phenomenon in the cultural and ideological landscape, has roots tracing back to ancient philosophies. While humanism initially began as a movement focused on human reasoning, the arts, and ethics separate from religious structures, its secular form has become a prevailing worldview that rejects divine authority. Secular humanism positions human experience, reason, and science as the ultimate sources of truth, creating an implicit conflict with Christianity, which holds Jehovah as the source of absolute truth. This clash has intensified over recent decades, with humanism gaining traction as a prominent worldview, particularly within Western society.
To properly address secular humanism, we must explore its historical foundations, identify its core teachings, and examine how its values are inherently opposed to the teachings of the Bible. Through this understanding, Christians can formulate a response grounded in biblical truth and guided by Scripture.
Historical Roots of Humanism: From Renaissance Ideals to Modern Secularism
Humanism emerged during the Renaissance as a reaction against the dominant influence of religious institutions over intellectual life. It centered on the revival of classical Greek and Roman thought, celebrating human intellect, creativity, and achievement. Will Durant, a historian, notes that Renaissance humanists were often inspired by the “free thought and conduct of Periclean Greeks or Augustan Romans,” which they perceived as an alternative to the Church’s teachings that emphasized humility and self-denial. However, the Renaissance movement’s zeal for secular knowledge gradually shifted away from Christian values, discarding the truth of the Bible for human-centered ideals.
As humanism evolved, it developed a distinctive secular orientation. By the 19th century, many humanists viewed religion, particularly Christianity, as outdated and incompatible with scientific progress. This growing secularism reached a significant milestone in the 20th century with the publication of the Humanist Manifesto I in 1933 and Humanist Manifesto II in 1973. These documents encapsulated a worldview that embraced evolution, rejected the existence of God, and advocated for morality based on human welfare and scientific reasoning rather than divine command.
Defining Characteristics of Secular Humanism
At its core, secular humanism asserts that human beings are capable of shaping their destiny and determining morality without reliance on a deity. A central tenet of secular humanism is the belief in moral relativism—essentially, that “man is the measure of all things,” as stated by the ancient Greek philosopher Protagoras. According to this view, truth and morality are subjective, shaped by cultural, personal, and societal factors rather than absolute standards established by a divine Creator.
This philosophical stance conflicts directly with biblical principles. John 8:32 records Jesus' words, “and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.” This statement encapsulates the Christian conviction that truth is absolute, coming solely from Jehovah, who embodies righteousness and justice. Christians hold that true freedom and moral clarity are found only through a relationship with Jehovah and adherence to His Word.
The Manifestos: Humanism as a Codified Belief System
Secular humanism’s organized expressions, particularly through the Humanist Manifestos, have led some to classify it as a quasi-religion. Humanist Manifesto I advocated for a religion-free approach to human ethics, emphasizing science and reason as the ultimate guides. In its own words, the Manifesto stated, “Humanism asserts that the nature of the universe depicted by modern science makes unacceptable any supernatural or cosmic guarantees of human values.” This effectively places science in the role of moral authority, a position that denies divine intervention or influence.
Later, Humanist Manifesto II expanded on these ideas, overtly rejecting organized religion and proposing a purely secular ethical framework. “No deity will save us; we must save ourselves,” it declared, rejecting the role of Jehovah as humanity’s Redeemer and Savior. Such statements highlight a fundamental departure from biblical teaching and establish secular humanism as a worldview that competes with Christianity’s doctrines of divine sovereignty, redemption, and salvation.
The Christian Response to Secular Humanism’s Teachings
Secular humanism’s rejection of divine authority, moral absolutes, and salvation places it squarely in opposition to Christian beliefs. Christians recognize Jehovah and His Son, Jesus Christ, as the measure of all things (1 Peter 2:21), standing in contrast to the human-centered ideology of secular humanism. The Bible establishes Jehovah as the sole source of truth and moral guidance, with His laws and precepts transcending human opinion or scientific trends.
Christians must reject secular humanism's relativistic morality, embracing instead the timeless commandments of Scripture. As 2 Timothy 3:16-17 states, “All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.” Through Scripture, believers are equipped to discern right from wrong, regardless of prevailing cultural norms.
The Role of the Church in Addressing Humanism’s Influence
Secular humanism’s influence permeates various aspects of society, including education, government, and media. This has led to secular humanist ideals, such as evolutionary theory, being widely accepted and often taught as fact in public schools, while biblical principles are marginalized or excluded. In response, Christians are called to “destroy speculations and every lofty thing raised up against the knowledge of God” (2 Corinthians 10:5). This means actively refuting secular ideologies through a biblical worldview and educating believers, particularly young people, about the truth of Jehovah’s Word.
The church has a responsibility to offer sound teaching that counters the relativistic morals of secular humanism, underscoring that moral standards are set by Jehovah, not by human opinions. By grounding believers in the authority of Scripture, churches can help equip them to resist the appeal of secular humanist philosophies that promote self-centered ideals over godly living.
Engaging in Spiritual Warfare Against Humanist Ideologies
In the face of secular humanism, Christians are reminded that “the weapons of our warfare are not of the flesh but have divine power to destroy strongholds” (2 Corinthians 10:4). While secular humanists may see Christians as adversaries to progress, believers understand their role as witnesses to truth. This battle against secular ideologies is not fought with physical force or political might but through the proclamation of Jehovah’s Word.
Paul’s ministry exemplifies this approach, as he confronted pagan philosophies and false teachings not by attempting to change the government of his time but by teaching and preaching the gospel. Christians today should emulate this approach, engaging in spiritual battles through prayer, study, and sharing of God’s Word, always remembering that true change begins within the human heart.
Praying and Acting for Peace: The Christian’s Role in Society
Christians are encouraged to pray for leaders and seek a peaceful society that allows for the free proclamation of the gospel. In 1 Timothy 2:1-2, Paul writes, “I urge that entreaties and prayers, petitions, and thanksgivings, be made on behalf of all men, for kings and all who are in high positions, that we may lead a peaceful and quiet life, godly and dignified in every way.” However, believers are also called to act on behalf of these prayers, exercising civic responsibilities when possible to promote an environment where godly values are protected.
Christian engagement in society does not entail abandoning faith for political power but rather striving to maintain an environment conducive to spiritual pursuits. Voting in support of leaders who respect religious freedom and family values is a way for Christians to act on behalf of their prayers, fostering a society that respects the ability to freely follow God’s Word.
Secular Humanism’s Failure to Address Human Need for God
Humanists often reject religious belief as unnecessary, arguing that humanity alone can define morality and achieve societal well-being. However, secular humanism fails to address the spiritual needs inherent in humanity’s design. Ecclesiastes 3:11 notes that Jehovah has “set eternity in the human heart,” indicating an innate desire for connection with the Creator. Humanism, which elevates mankind to a godlike status, cannot satisfy this longing, leaving individuals searching for purpose beyond mere materialism or intellectual achievement.
The rejection of Jehovah leads to a life devoid of ultimate purpose, a void that secular humanism’s emphasis on self-actualization and societal progress cannot fill. As Jesus stated, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life” (John 14:6). Only through Christ can individuals find fulfillment, hope, and peace that secular ideologies cannot provide.
Bringing the Word of God to a Confused World
In a world increasingly influenced by secular ideologies, the Bible remains the only source of objective truth. Christians have the privilege of sharing this truth, reaching out to those influenced by secular humanism with the hope found in Jehovah’s promises. 2 Timothy 4:2 urges believers to “preach the word; be ready in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, and exhort, with complete patience and teaching.” By standing firm on the foundation of Scripture, Christians can bring clarity to a world confused by competing ideologies and philosophies.
Secular humanism may promise liberation from religious restrictions, but true freedom comes only from knowing and obeying Jehovah. Through compassionate outreach, Christians can demonstrate the superiority of biblical truth, not by harsh condemnation but by providing a clear and loving witness to the gospel.
About the Author
EDWARD D. ANDREWS (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. He has authored over 220 books. In addition, Andrews is the Chief Translator of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV).
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